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  2. Islamic International Ratings Agency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_International...

    The Islamic International Ratings Agency (IIRA) is a financial rating agency that evaluates capital markets and the banking sectors of predominantly Muslim countries around the world. [1] Its methods involve a rating spectrum that includes a full array of capital instruments and specialty financial products.

  3. Credit rating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_rating

    A sovereign credit rating is the credit rating of a sovereign entity, such as a national government. The sovereign credit rating indicates the risk level of the investing environment of a country and is used by investors when looking to invest in particular jurisdictions, and also takes into account political risk.

  4. Principles of Islamic jurisprudence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles_of_Islamic...

    In Islam, the Quran is considered to be the most sacred source of law. [6] Classical jurists held its textual integrity to be beyond doubt on account of it having been handed down by many people in each generation, which is known as "recurrence" or "concurrent transmission" ( tawātur ).

  5. Sukuk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukuk

    RAM Rating Services Bhd CEO Foo Su Yin says the total issuance of sukuk corporate bonds in 2012 was RM 71.7 billion while conventional bonds totalled RM48.3 billion. [99] As at 2011, Malaysia was the highest global sukuk issuer by issuing 69 percent of world's total issuances.

  6. Standardized approach (credit risk) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardized_approach...

    There are some options in weighing risks for some claims, below are the summary as it might be likely to be implemented. NOTE: For some "unrated" risk weights, banks are encouraged to use their own internal-ratings system based on Foundation IRB and Advanced IRB in Internal-Ratings Based approach with a set of formulae provided by the Basel-II accord.

  7. Hanafi school - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanafi_school

    The Hanafi school [a] or Hanafism is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It developed from the teachings of the jurist and theologian Abu Hanifa ( c. 699–767 CE ), who systemised the use of reasoning ( ra'y ).

  8. Bond credit rating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_credit_rating

    The credit rating is a financial indicator to potential investors of debt securities such as bonds.These are assigned by credit rating agencies such as Moody's, Standard & Poor's, and Fitch, which publish code designations (such as AAA, B, CC) to express their assessment of the risk quality of a bond.

  9. Qadi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi

    Abu Zayd pleads before the qadi of Ma'arra (1334), unknown painter, Maqamat al-Hariri, Austrian National Library. The term ' qāḍī ' was in use from the time of Muhammad during the early history of Islam, and remained the term used for judges throughout Islamic history and the period of the caliphates.