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a congruum is defined to be any number that can form the difference between successive square numbers in an arithmetic progression of three squares. That is, if , , and (for integers , , and ) are three square numbers that are equally spaced apart from each other, then the spacing between them, =, is called a congruum.
Formulas for summing consecutive squares to give a cubic polynomial, whose values are the square pyramidal numbers, are given by Archimedes, who used this sum as a lemma as part of a study of the volume of a cone, [2] and by Fibonacci, as part of a more general solution to the problem of finding formulas for sums of progressions of squares. [3]
The sequence can be used to prove that there are infinitely many prime numbers, as any prime can divide at most one number in the sequence. More strongly, no prime factor of a number in the sequence can be congruent to 5 modulo 6, and the sequence can be used to prove that there are infinitely many primes congruent to 7 modulo 12. [20]
In mathematics, the Pell numbers are an infinite sequence of integers, known since ancient times, that comprise the denominators of the closest rational approximations to the square root of 2. This sequence of approximations begins 1 / 1 , 3 / 2 , 7 / 5 , 17 / 12 , and 41 / 29 , so the sequence of Pell numbers ...
This is a list of recreational number theory topics (see number theory, recreational mathematics).Listing here is not pejorative: many famous topics in number theory have origins in challenging problems posed purely for their own sake.
A square whose side length is a triangular number can be partitioned into squares and half-squares whose areas add to cubes. From Gulley (2010).The n th coloured region shows n squares of dimension n by n (the rectangle is 1 evenly divided square), hence the area of the n th region is n times n × n.
It is tempting to attempt to solve the inscribed square problem by proving that a special class of well-behaved curves always contains an inscribed square, and then to approximate an arbitrary curve by a sequence of well-behaved curves and infer that there still exists an inscribed square as a limit of squares inscribed in the curves of the sequence.
In mathematics, the Jacobsthal numbers are an integer sequence named after the German mathematician Ernst Jacobsthal.Like the related Fibonacci numbers, they are a specific type of Lucas sequence (,) for which P = 1, and Q = −2 [1] —and are defined by a similar recurrence relation: in simple terms, the sequence starts with 0 and 1, then each following number is found by adding the number ...