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The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology. This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) is a rating scale which a clinician or researcher may use to measure psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, hallucinations and unusual behaviour. The scale is one of the oldest, most widely used scales to measure psychotic symptoms and was first published in 1962.
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a formative assessment and rating scale of anxiety. This self-report inventory , or 21-item questionnaire uses a scale (social sciences) ; the BAI is an ordinal scale ; more specifically, a Likert scale that measures the scale quality of magnitude of anxiety.
Anxiety disorders affect nearly 30% of adults at some point in their lives, with an estimated 4% of the global population currently experiencing an anxiety disorder. However, anxiety disorders are treatable, and a number of effective treatments are available. [11] Most people are able to lead normal, productive lives with some form of treatment ...
Anxiety is an emotion characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events. [1] [2] [3] Anxiety is different from fear in that fear is defined as the emotional response to a present threat, whereas anxiety is the anticipation of a future one. [4]
[1] [2] The course of BP-II is more chronic and consists of more frequent cycling than the course of BP-I. [1] [9] Finally, BP-II is associated with a greater risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors than BP-I or unipolar depression. [1] [9] BP-II is no less severe than BP-I, and types I and II present equally severe burdens. [1] [10]
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is the 2013 update to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).
People may increase their risk for agoraphobia when they use safety behaviors to avoid potentially dangerous environments even though the danger may not be as severe as perceived. [15] A common safety behavior is when a person with agoraphobia attempts to entirely avoid a crowded place such as a mall or a public bus. [16]