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  2. Marching squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marching_squares

    Typical applications include the contour lines on topographic maps or the generation of isobars for weather maps. Marching squares takes a similar approach to the 3D marching cubes algorithm: Process each cell in the grid independently. Calculate a cell index using comparisons of the contour level(s) with the data values at the cell corners.

  3. Feynman diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman_diagram

    The X comes divided by 4! = 4 × 3 × 2, but the number of ways to link up the X half lines to make the diagram is only 4 × 3, so the contribution of this diagram is divided by two. For another example, consider the diagram formed by joining all the half-lines of one X to all the half-lines of another X.

  4. Distance from a point to a line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Distance_from_a_point_to_a_line

    Diagram for geometric proof. This proof is valid only if the line is not horizontal or vertical. [5] Drop a perpendicular from the point P with coordinates (x 0, y 0) to the line with equation Ax + By + C = 0. Label the foot of the perpendicular R. Draw the vertical line through P and label its intersection with the given line S.

  5. Scalar projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_projection

    Vector projection of a on b (a 1), and vector rejection of a from b (a 2). In mathematics, the scalar projection of a vector on (or onto) a vector , also known as the scalar resolute of in the direction of , is given by:

  6. Correlation function (quantum field theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_function...

    It is often preferable to work directly with these as they contain all the information that the full correlation functions contain since any disconnected diagram is merely a product of connected diagrams. By excluding other sets of diagrams one can define other correlation functions such as one-particle irreducible correlation functions.

  7. Dot product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot_product

    In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product [note 1] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors), and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry , the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used.

  8. List of formulas in Riemannian geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_formulas_in...

    2.1.4 Scalar curvature. 2.1.5 ... is the absolute value of the determinant of the matrix of scalar ... and the traceless Ricci tensor are symmetric 2-tensors: ...

  9. Logarithmic scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale

    Unlike a linear scale where each unit of distance corresponds to the same increment, on a logarithmic scale each unit of length is a multiple of some base value raised to a power, and corresponds to the multiplication of the previous value in the scale by the base value. In common use, logarithmic scales are in base 10 (unless otherwise specified).