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Self-handicapping is a cognitive strategy by which people avoid effort in the hopes of keeping potential failure from hurting self-esteem. [1] It was first theorized by Edward E. Jones and Steven Berglas, [ 2 ] according to whom self-handicaps are obstacles created, or claimed, by the individual in anticipation of failing performance.
Secrets and secret keeping have been a longstanding interest of psychologists and psychotherapists. [3] Jourard's [4] [5] work on self-disclosure and Pennebaker's research on the health benefits of disclosing traumatic events and secrets set the stage for the conceptualization and measurement of self-concealment.
Grit involves maintaining goal-focused effort for extended periods of time, often while facing adversity, but it does not require a critical incident. Importantly, grit is conceptualized as a trait while resilience is a process. Finally, resilience has been almost exclusively studied in children who are born into "at-risk" situations. [20]
Prayatna (Sanskrit: प्रयत्नः) means – 'effort', 'exertion', 'endeavour', 'perseverance', 'activity' or 'action in general'. [1] Pāṇini explains that prayatna does not merely mean effort but effort at a point of articulation; [2] it expresses a sense of human determination and initiative and needs to be supplemented by confidence in one’s own abilities and steadfastness ...
Although certain societies, especially nomadic raiders and mobile cavalry societies such as the Mongols, specialized in providing war-effort-like support for their armies, the idea of a specialized war effort that diverted supplies, means of production, and people to military support came into general use only with the increased specialization of the Industrial Revolution.
Astroturfing is the deceptive practice of hiding the sponsors of an orchestrated message or organization (e.g., political, economic, advertising, religious, or public relations) to make it appear as though it originates from, and is supported by, unsolicited grassroots participants. It is a practice intended to give the statements or ...
Key Points. A caller to the Dave Ramsey show paid off $234,000 in 31 months. The caller worked 96 hours a week so she could become debt-free. For most people, increasing income and cutting ...
Diligence—carefulness and persistent effort or work—is listed as one of the seven capital virtues. It can be indicative of a work ethic, the belief that work is good in itself. [1] "There is a perennial nobleness, and even sacredness, in work.