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Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (German:; 30 March 1811 [a] – 16 August 1899) was a German chemist. He investigated emission spectra of heated elements, and discovered caesium (in 1860) and rubidium (in 1861) with the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. [11] The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after Bunsen and Kirchhoff.
Spectroscope of Kirchhoff and Bunsen. The systematic attribution of spectra to chemical elements began in the 1860s with the work of German physicists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, [30] who found that Fraunhofer lines correspond to emission spectral lines observed in laboratory light sources. This laid way for spectrochemical analysis in ...
After the Austro-Prussian War, Prussia led the Northern states into a federal state called the North German Confederation (1867–1870). The Southern states joined the federal state in 1870/71, which was consequently renamed the German Empire (1871–1918). The state continued as the Weimar Republic (1919–1933).
This category is for historic maps showing all or part of Europe. See subcategories for smaller areas. "Historic maps" means maps made over seventy (70) years ago.
In 1860, Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered the metallic element caesium in the mineral water from the Durkheim springs. For its seven mineral springs , Dürkheim was given the epithet Solbad (" brine bath"), and in 1904 it was given leave to change its name to Bad Dürkheim ( Bad is German for "bath", and a place may only bear this ...
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (German: [ˈgʊs.taf ˈkɪʁçhɔf]; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German physicist, chemist and mathematican who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects.
This is a list of lists of cities in Europe. Lists of countries includes countries that fall to at least some extent within European geographical boundaries according to certain definitions. Lists of countries includes countries that fall to at least some extent within European geographical boundaries according to certain definitions.
Euratlas is a Switzerland-based software company dedicated to elaborate digital history maps of Europe. [1] Founded in 2001, Euratlas has created a collection of history maps of Europe from year 1 AD to year 2000 AD that present the evolution of every country from the Roman Empire [2] to present times.