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MPEG-1 Layer 3 file without an ID3 tag or with an ID3v1 tag (which is appended at the end of the file) 49 44 33: ID3: 0 mp3 MP3 file with an ID3v2 container 42 4D: BM: 0 bmp dib BMP file, a bitmap format used mostly in the Windows world 43 44 30 30 31: CD001: 0x8001 0x8801 0x9001 iso ISO9660 CD/DVD image file [40] 43 44 30 30 31: CD001: 0x5EAC9 ...
In UTF-16, a BOM (U+FEFF) may be placed as the first bytes of a file or character stream to indicate the endianness (byte order) of all the 16-bit code units of the file or stream. If an attempt is made to read this stream with the wrong endianness, the bytes will be swapped, thus delivering the character U+FFFE , which is defined by Unicode as ...
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An ordering problem that is easy to envision occurs when the data word is transferred byte-by-byte between a big-endian system and a little-endian system and the Fletcher-32 checksum is computed. If blocks are extracted from the data word in memory by a simple read of a 16-bit unsigned integer, then the values of the blocks will be different in ...
Bytecode (also called portable code or p-code) is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter.Unlike human-readable [1] source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) that encode the result of compiler parsing and performing semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting depths of ...
Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text.
UTF-8 shares these advantages, but many earlier multi-byte encoding schemes (such as Shift JIS and other Asian multi-byte encodings) did not allow unambiguous searching and could only be synchronized by re-parsing from the start of the string. UTF-16 is not self-synchronizing if one byte is lost or if traversal starts at a random byte.
Byte Strings are encoded as <length>:<contents>. The length is the number of bytes in the string, encoded in base 10. A colon (:) separates the length and the contents. The contents are the exact number of bytes specified by the length. Examples: An empty string is encoded as 0:. The string "bencode" is encoded as 7:bencode.