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Mutations in myostatin do more than just affect the amount of muscle mass an organism can produce; they also have variable effects on other phenotypes for different species. [21] For example, a Belgian Blue bovine with a mutation that inhibits myostatin production will exhibit a dramatic increase in muscle mass but will also lead to dystocia. [21]
Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy is a rare genetic condition characterized by reduced body fat and increased skeletal muscle size. [1] Affected individuals have up to twice the usual amount of muscle mass in their bodies, but increases in muscle strength are not usually congruent. [ 2 ]
The rate at which such events occur has been widely debated, in part because the risk/benefit ratio of statins in low-risk populations is highly dependent on the rate of adverse events. [ 70 ] [ 71 ] [ 72 ] A Cochrane meta-analysis of statin clinical trials in primary prevention found no evidence of excess adverse events among those treated ...
SAAM may affect people after long-term statin use even if they had no previous muscular side effects. [4] A differentiating feature between this and more benign statin side effects is SAAM typically has a late onset. While muscle pain (myalgia) is seen in 9-20% of patients treated with statins, it typically occurs in the first month of treatment.
Muscle hypertrophy or muscle building involves a hypertrophy or increase in size of skeletal muscle through a growth in size of its component cells. Two factors contribute to hypertrophy: sarcoplasmic hypertrophy, which focuses more on increased muscle glycogen storage; and myofibrillar hypertrophy, which focuses more on increased myofibril ...
HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, official symbol HMGCR) is the rate-controlling enzyme (NADH-dependent, EC 1.1.1.88; NADPH-dependent, EC 1.1.1.34) of the mevalonate pathway, the metabolic pathway that produces cholesterol and other isoprenoids.
In other words, as many as 4 million people in the U.S. who currently take statins for primary prevention — meaning they have not had a cardiovascular event such as a stroke or heart attack ...
Statins with shorter half-lives are more effective when taken in the evening, so their peak effect occurs when the body's natural cholesterol production is at its highest. A recent meta-analysis suggested that statins with longer half-lives, including atorvastatin, may also be more effective at lowering LDL cholesterol if taken in the evening. [38]