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The 1922 discovery of the Smackover oil field, after which the Smackover Formation is named, resulted in a sizeable oil boom in southern Arkansas. [ citation needed ] In addition to being a petroleum reservoir, as of 2015, the brine from the Smackover Formation is the only source of commercial bromine in the United States.
In 2023, China embarked on a 10,000-metre (33,000 ft; 6.2 mi) super-deep borehole in the Tarim Basin in the Xinjiang region for scientific, oil and gas exploration. [24] [25] [26] In March 2024, drilling of the borehole, which is known as Shendi Take 1, reached a depth of 10,000 metres. [27]
Borehole drilling has a long history. Han dynasty China (202 BC – 220 AD) used deep borehole drilling for mining and other projects. Chinese borehole sites could reach as deep as 600 m (2,000 ft). [1]
The temperature deep within was 1,000 °C (1,800 °F), heat from a chamber of fire from which screaming could be heard. The Soviet Union had, in fact, drilled a hole more than 12 km (7.5 miles) deep, the Kola Superdeep Borehole , located not in Siberia but on the Kola Peninsula , which shares borders with Norway and Finland .
Onshore wells can be considerably cheaper, particularly if the field is at a shallow depth, where costs range from less than $4.9 million to $8.3 million, and the average completion costing $2.9 million to $5.6 million per well. [28]
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The British sinologist and historian Michael Loewe states that borehole sites could reach as deep as 600 metres (2,000 ft). [3] K.S. Tom describes the drilling process: "The Chinese method of deep drilling was accomplished by a team of men jumping on and off a beam to impact the drilling bit while the boring tool was rotated by buffalo and oxen."