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A binary-to-text encoding is encoding of data in plain text.More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of printable characters.These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the communication channel does not allow binary data (such as email or NNTP) or is not 8-bit clean.
In computer programming, Base64 (also known as tetrasexagesimal) is a group of binary-to-text encoding schemes that transforms binary data into a sequence of printable characters, limited to a set of 64 unique characters. More specifically, the source binary data is taken 6 bits at a time, then this group of 6 bits is mapped to one of 64 unique ...
Any 8-bit byte value may be encoded with 3 characters: an = followed by two hexadecimal digits (0–9 or A–F) representing the byte's numeric value. For example, an ASCII form feed character (decimal value 12) can be represented by =0C, and an ASCII equal sign (decimal value 61) must be represented by =3D.
Also, because it encodes five 8-bit bytes (40 bits) to eight 5-bit base32 characters rather than three 8-bit bytes (24 bits) to four 6-bit base64 characters, padding to an 8-character boundary is a greater burden on short messages (which may be a reason to elide padding, which is an option in RFC 4648).
(Efficient XML Interchange, Binary XML, Fast Infoset, MTOM, XSD base64 data) Yes Built-in id/ref, XPointer, XPath: WSDL, XML schema: DOM, SAX, XQuery, XPath — Structured Data eXchange Formats: Max Wildgrube — Yes RFC 3072 Yes No No No — UBJSON: The Buzz Media, LLC JSON, BSON: No ubjson.org: Yes No No No No — eXternal Data Representation ...
This is the minimum number of characters needed to encode a 32 bit number into 5 printable characters in a process similar to MIME-64 encoding, since 85 5 is only slightly bigger than 2 32. Such method is 6.7% more efficient than MIME-64 which encodes a 24 bit number into 4 printable characters.
More common today is the Base64 format, which is based on the same concept of alphanumeric-only as opposed to ASCII 32–95. All three formats use 6 bits (64 different characters) to represent their input data. Base64 can also be generated by the uuencode program and is similar in format, except for the actual character translation:
[10] In caret notation the null character is ^@. On some keyboards, one can enter a null character by holding down Ctrl and pressing @ (on US layouts just Ctrl+2 will often work, there being no need for ⇧ Shift to get the @ sign). The hexadecimal notation for null is 00. Decoding the Base64 string AA== also yields the null character.