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  2. Japanese particles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_particles

    Japanese particles, joshi (助詞) or tenioha (てにをは), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. Their grammatical range can indicate various meanings and functions, such as speaker affect and assertiveness.

  3. Particles of the Kagoshima dialects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particles_of_the_Kagoshima...

    Like standard Japanese, the sentence-final particle か ka (pronounced が ga in Makurazaki city) is used to mark a question at the end of a phrase. Compared to the question particles け ke and な na , the particle か ka is neutral and can be used with anyone regardless of age.

  4. Japanese grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar

    Head-finality prevails also when sentences are coordinated instead of subordinated. In the world's languages, it is common to avoid repetition between coordinated clauses by optionally deleting a constituent common to the two parts, as in "Bob bought his mother some flowers and his father a tie", where the second bought is omitted. In Japanese ...

  5. Kagoshima dialect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagoshima_dialect

    The Satsugū dialect (薩隅方言, Satsugū Hōgen), often referred to as the Kagoshima dialect (鹿児島弁, Kagoshima-ben, Kagomma-ben, Kago'ma-ben, Kagoima-ben), is a group of dialects or dialect continuum of the Japanese language spoken mainly within the area of the former Ōsumi and Satsuma provinces now incorporated into the southwestern prefecture of Kagoshima.

  6. Ha (kana) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha_(kana)

    Ha (hiragana: は, katakana: ハ) is one of the Japanese kana, each of which represent one mora.Both represent [ha].They are also used as a grammatical particle (in such cases, they denote [wa], including in the greeting "kon'nichiwa") and serve as the topic marker of the sentence.

  7. Japanese adjectives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_adjectives

    The only syntactical difference between nouns and na-adjective is in the attributive form, where nouns take の (no) and adjectives take な (na). This has led many linguists to consider them a type of nominal (noun-like part of speech). Through use of inflected forms of the copula, these words can also predicate sentences and inflect for past ...

  8. Japanese pitch accent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_pitch_accent

    The nature and location of the accent for a given word may vary between dialects. For instance, the word for "river" is [ka.waꜜ] in the Tokyo dialect, with the accent on the second mora, but in the Kansai dialect it is [kaꜜ.wa]. A final [i] or [ɯ] is often devoiced to [i̥] or [ɯ̥] after a downstep and an unvoiced consonant.

  9. He (kana) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_(kana)

    へ, in hiragana, or ヘ in katakana, is one of the Japanese kana, which represents one mora. The [he] sound is the only sound that is written identically in hiragana and katakana and therefore confusable according to the Unicode Standard .