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Base station architecture evolved from all-in-one base stations, through Base-Band Units (BBUs) and Remote Radio Heads (RRH), to C-RAN architectures where equipment located at the cell sites Remote Unit (RU) or RU + Distributed Unit (DU) connects via fronthaul network to centralized baseband locations – Central Unit (CU).
A base transceiver station (BTS) or a baseband unit [1] (BBU) is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless Internet connectivity, or antennas mounted on buildings or telecommunication towers.
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This equipment is used to extend the coverage of a baseband unit in challenging environments such as rural areas or tunnels. RRHs are generally connected to the baseband unit or base station which can be an x86 server [ 2 ] on the ground near a cell tower, via a fiber optic cable using Common Public Radio Interface protocols.
Professional base station radios are often one channel. In lightly used base stations, a multi-channel unit may be employed. [7] In heavily used systems, the capability for additional channels, where needed, is accomplished by installing an additional base station for each channel.
A base transceiver station (BTS) has four main blocks or logical entities: Radio Frequency (RF) block, Baseband block, Control and Clock block, and Transport block. The Radio Frequency Block sends and receives signals to/from portable devices (via the air interface) and converts between digital data and antenna signal.
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