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Both are proton pumps that produce a transmembrane proton gradient. In fact, cytochrome b 6 and subunit IV are homologous to mitochondrial cytochrome b [5] and the Rieske iron-sulfur proteins of the two complexes are homologous. [6] However, cytochrome f and cytochrome c 1 are not homologous. [7]
In meiosis, non-sister homologous chromosomes pair with each other so that recombination characteristically occurs between non-sister homologues. In both meiotic and mitotic cells, recombination between homologous chromosomes is a common mechanism used in DNA repair .
The difference between Photosystem II and the bacterial reaction center is the source of the electron that neutralizes the pair of chlorophyll a molecules. In the bacterial reaction center, the electron is obtained from a reduced compound haem group in a cytochrome subunit or from a water-soluble cytochrome-c protein.
Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion. [1] Gene conversion can be either allelic, meaning that one allele of the same gene replaces another allele, or ectopic, meaning that one paralogous DNA sequence converts another.
Homologous recombination that occurs during DNA repair tends to result in non-crossover products, in effect restoring the damaged DNA molecule as it existed before the double-strand break. Homologous recombination is conserved across all three domains of life as well as DNA and RNA viruses , suggesting that it is a nearly universal biological ...
A cell or organism that is homozygous for a locus at which the two homologous alleles are identical by descent, both having been derived from a single gene in a common ancestor. [4] Contrast allozygote. auxesis The growth of a multicellular organism due to an increase in the size of its cells rather than an increase in the number of cells. axenic
The core of PSII consists of a pseudo-symmetric heterodimer of two homologous proteins D1 and D2. [2] Unlike the reaction centers of all other photosystems in which the positive charge sitting on the chlorophyll dimer that undergoes the initial photoinduced charge separation is equally shared by the two monomers, in intact PSII the charge is ...
Then, the sister chromatids split and are distributed between two daughter cells. [citation needed] In meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes are paired before being separated and distributed between two daughter cells. On the other hand, meiosis II is similar to mitosis. The chromatids are separated and distributed in the same way.