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Since the sides of a triangular arch are experiencing bending stress, it is a false arch [3] in a structural sense (historically preceding the invention of true arches [8] and going back to Neolithic times [9]). The design was used in Anglo-Saxon England until the late 11th century (St Mary Goslany) over small openings. [2] [1]
Polychrome brickwork also became popular in Europe in the later 19th century as part of the various medieval and Romanesque revivals. In France, the Menier Chocolate Factory in Noisiel, designed by Jules Saulnier and completed in 1872, is an early and very elaborate example, which is also noted for its early use of iron structure.
The loggia provided a covered communal space, and at Padua has been extended to form the city's major market. The Palazzo in Milan, also known as the Broletto Nuovo, ("New Court House") is a red brick structure with stone piers and rendered upper floor. It window arches are polychrome in the Italian style. [3]
by the material used (stone, brick, concrete, steel) and construction approach. [26] For example, the wedge-shaped voussoirs of a brick arch can be made by cutting the regular bricks ("axed brick" arch) or manufactured in the wedge shape ("gauged brick" arch); [28] structurally, by the number of hinges (movable joints) between solid components ...
The rise (height) of a round arch is limited to 1 ⁄ 2 of its span, [7] so it looks more "grounded" than a parabolic arch [3] or a pointed arch. [7] Whenever a higher semicircular arch was required (for example, for a narrow arch to match the height of a nearby broad one), either stilting or horseshoe shape were used, thus creating a stilted arch and horseshoe arch respectively. [8]
Hindu architecture is the traditional system of Indian architecture for structures such as temples, monasteries, statues, homes, market places, gardens and town planning as described in Hindu texts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The architectural guidelines survive in Sanskrit manuscripts and in some cases also in other regional languages.
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A mudbrick catenary arch A catenary curve (left) and a catenary arch, also a catenary curve (right). One points up, and one points down, but the curves are the same. A catenary arch is a type of architectural arch that follows an inverted catenary curve. The catenary curve has been employed in buildings since ancient times.