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Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) [a] was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.. Charles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life.
Charles I, head of the House of Stuart, was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his death on 30 January 1649. He believed in a sacramental version of the Church of England, called High Anglicanism, with a theology based upon Arminianism, a belief shared by his main political advisor, Archbishop William Laud.
Under Charles I, the Puritans became a political force as well as a religious tendency in the country. Opponents of the royal prerogative became allies of Puritan reformers, who saw the Church of England moving in a direction opposite to what they wanted, and objected to increased Catholic influence both at Court and (as they saw it) within the Willy
The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. [1]
James VI and I was baptised Roman Catholic, but brought up Presbyterian and leaned Anglican during his rule. He was a lifelong Protestant, but had to cope with issues surrounding the many religious views of his era, including Anglicanism, Presbyterianism, Roman Catholicism and differing opinions of several English Separatists.
Charles rejected all the Dutch claims on the Atlantic seaboard and wanted to maintain English claims by formally occupying the territory. Lord Baltimore sought both Catholic and Protestant settlers for Maryland, often enticing them with large grants of land and a promise of religious toleration.
In this parliament James I had created more than 30 pocket boroughs under Protestant control. [2] [3] [4] The Irish House of Commons of 1634 therefore had 254 members: 112 Catholic and 142 Protestant. [5] [6] In 1632 Charles I had appointed Thomas Wentworth (the future Earl of Strafford) as his lord deputy of Ireland. [7]
When his son Charles became old enough to marry, James mused about marrying Charles to a Catholic princess. The Thirty Years' War broke out in 1618, and English Protestants demanded that James intervene, on behalf of his son-in-law Frederick V, Elector Palatine.