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The Winchester Model 1886 was a lever-action repeating rifle designed by John Browning to handle some of the more powerful cartridges of the period. Originally chambered in .45-70 Government, .45-90 Sharps, and .40-82 Winchester, it was later offered in a half dozen other large cartridges, including the .50-110 Winchester. [1]
The .45-70 is a popular choice for black-powder cartridge shooting events, [citation needed] and replicas of most of the early rifles, including Trapdoor, Sharps, and Remington single-shot rifles, are often available. The .45-70 is a long-range caliber, and accurate use requires knowledge of windage and elevation by minute of angle and a sense ...
These are a measure of the standardized length of the barrel versus the rifled bore of the barrel. In other words, a 12/45 is 12"×45= the length of the rifled bore of that gun in inches. This explains the differences in both penetration and long range performance of various naval rifles over the years. [3] [4] [5] [6]
.44-40 Winchester.444 Marlin.45 Colt.45-70 Government.45-90 Sharps.45-70 Auto; 45 Raptor.450 Bushmaster.450 Black Powder Express.450/400 Black Powder Express.450/400 Nitro Express.500/450 Magnum Black Powder Express.450 Marlin.450 Nitro Express.500/450 No 1 Black Powder Express.450 No 2 Nitro Express.454 Casull.500/450 Nitro Express.450 Rigby
For example, a 4-inch gun of 50 calibers would have a barrel 4 in × 50 = 200 in long (written as 4" L/50 or 4"/50). A 16-inch gun of 50 calibers (16" L/50) has a barrel length of 50 × 16 = 800 inches (66 ft 8 in). Both 14-in and 16-in navy guns were common in World War II.
The .40-72 Winchester, also known as .40-72 WCF is a centerfire straight-walled rifle cartridge designed for black powder rather than smokeless powder. It was introduced in 1895 for the Winchester 1895 lever-action rifle.
Winchester also produced a civilian sporting version of the Hotchkiss, likewise in caliber .45-70 Government, until 1899. 1884 Winchester catalog lists an option to chamber the M1883 in ".40-65 Hotchkiss" cartridge (which may or may not be .40-65 Winchester introduced in 1887), but it's not clear if this variant was ever actually produced.
O ratio is also used to predict barrel life in cartridges of the same caliber, but not of different calibres, since the ratio is an extensive quantity that does not correlate to temperature or pressure (e.g. a .50 cal straight cartridge may have the same overbore as a highly necked down .17 cal cartridge).