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  2. Methanesulfonyl chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanesulfonyl_chloride

    Methanesulfonyl chloride is mainly used to give methanesulfonates by its reaction with alcohols in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base. [8] In contrast to the formation of toluenesulfonates from alcohols and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of pyridine, the formation of methanesulfonates is believed to proceed via a mechanism wherein methanesulfonyl chloride first undergoes an ...

  3. Small-conductance mechanosensitive channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-conductance_mechano...

    Application of a ramp of negative pressure to a patch excised from an E. coli giant spheroplast gave a small conductance (MscS; ~1 nS in 400 mM salt) with a sustained open state, and a large conductance (MscL; ~3 nS) with faster kinetics, activated at higher pressure. MscS was reported to exhibit a weak anionic preference and a voltage ...

  4. Large-conductance mechanosensitive channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-conductance_mechano...

    MscL was first discovered on the surface of giant Escherichia coli spheroplasts using patch-clamp technique. [3] Subsequently, the Escherichia coli MscL (Ec-MscL) gene was cloned in 1994. [4] Following the cloning of MscL, the crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MscL (Tb-MscL), was obtained in its closed conformation. [5]

  5. Nominal Pipe Size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size

    Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...

  6. Methanesulfonic anhydride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanesulfonic_anhydride

    Passage of hydrogen chloride through molten Ms 2 O yields MsCl. [3] Similar to MsCl, Ms 2 O can perform mesylation of alcohols to form sulfonates. Use of Ms 2 O avoids the alkyl chloride, which often appears as a side-product when MsCl is used. [4] Unlike MsCl, Ms 2 O may not be suitable for mesylation of the unsaturated alcohols. [5]

  7. Mechanosensitive channels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanosensitive_channels

    MscL: Large conductance mechanosensitive channel. The closed structure of MscL. In bacteria MscL was the first MS channels cloned and sequenced, and is by far one of the most studied channels. The gene encoding MscL protein is trkA and it is located in the inner membrane of the E. coli. The protein is 17 KDa, and consists of 136 amino acids ...

  8. Friction loss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction_loss

    The following table gives Reynolds number Re, Darcy friction factor f D, flow rate Q, and velocity V such that hydraulic slope S = h f / L = 0.01, for a variety of nominal pipe (NPS) sizes. Volumetric Flow Q where Hydraulic Slope S is 0.01, for selected Nominal Pipe Sizes (NPS) in PVC [ 14 ] [ 15 ]

  9. Standard dimension ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_dimension_ratio

    Standard dimension ratio (SDR) is a method of rating a pipe's durability against pressure. The standard dimension ratio describes the correlation between the pipe dimension and the thickness of the pipe wall. [1] Common nominations are SDR11, SDR17, SDR26 and SDR35. Pipes with a lower SDR can withstand higher pressures.