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Definitive treatment of a fistula aims to stop it recurring. Treatment depends on where the fistula lies, and which parts of the internal and external anal sphincters it crosses. However, treatment is challenging as complete eradication of the anal sphincters may lead to continence impairment, but failure to excise the affected areas results in ...
Anorectal abscess (also known as an anal/rectal abscess or perianal/perirectal abscess) is an abscess adjacent to the anus. [1] Most cases of perianal abscesses are sporadic, though there are certain situations which elevate the risk for developing the disease, such as diabetes mellitus , Crohn's disease , chronic corticosteroid treatment and ...
Anorectal disorders include conditions involving the anorectal junction [1] as seen in the image. They are painful but common conditions like hemorrhoids, tears, fistulas, or abscesses that affect the anal region. [2] [3] Most people experience some form of anorectal disorder during their lifetime. [4]
Two more highly common causes of functional anorectal pain are levator ani syndrome (LAS) and proctalgia fugax.Both of these conditions are thought to be caused by muscle spasms of the either the levator ani muscle or the anal sphincter muscle respectively, and may overlap symptomatically with a third less-common condition called coccygodynia which is the result of previous trauma to the ...
Goodsall's rule relates the external opening (in the perianal skin) of an anal fistula to its internal opening (in the anal canal). It states that if the perianal skin opening is posterior to the transverse anal line, the fistulous tract will open into the anal canal in the midline posteriorly, sometimes taking a curvilinear course.
Certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers or proton pump inhibitors, can exacerbate anorectal symptoms by causing diarrhea or constipation, or they can exacerbate bleeding (e.g., Coumadin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). A history of hemorrhoidectomy, fissure surgery, fistula surgery, polypectomy, or colectomy may be
A rectovestibular fistula, also referred to simply as a vestibular fistula, is an anorectal congenital disorder where an abnormal connection exists between the rectum and the vulval vestibule of the female genitalia. If the fistula occurs within the hymen, it is known as a rectovaginal fistula, a much rarer condition. [1]
Treatments may be attempted until symptoms are satisfactorily controlled. A treatment algorithm based upon the cause has been proposed, including conservative, non-operative and surgical measures (neosphincter refers to either dynamic graciloplasty or artificial bowel sphincter, lavage refers to retrograde rectal irrigation).