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In 1656, tensions between Protestants and Catholics re-emerged and led to the outbreak of the First War of Villmergen. The Catholics were victorious and able to maintain their political dominance. The Toggenburg War in 1712 was a conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons. According to the Peace of Aarau of 11 August 1712 and the Peace of ...
The 17th century saw Protestant-Catholic tensions rise particularly in Germany leading to the Thirty Years War from 1618 to 1648. This war saw the destruction of much of Central Europe and divided much of the continent along Catholic-Protestant lines. Swedes, Danes, and French were all involved.
The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598.Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease directly caused by the conflict, and it severely damaged the power of the French monarchy. [1]
The capture of Bourges severed the Protestant forces on the Loire from their southern compatriots. It was a disaster for the Protestant war effort. [268] [235] Durot argues, it was Guise and not Navarre who was the architect of the victory at Bourges. [248] 4,000 Spanish soldiers provided by Felipe II arrived in Bordeaux at this time (10 August).
Pope Pius IX (c. 1878). The philosophic influences of The Enlightenment, Scientific realism, Positivism, Materialism, nationalism, secularism, and Liberalism impinged upon and ended the intellectual and political roles of religion and the Catholic Church, which then was the established church of Europe, excluding Scandinavia, Russia, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and, crucially, Prussia.
Farms of the new Catholic settlers in the area were plundered, ducal patrols were ambushed. The Glorious Return, which had been planned for years, was a great success, despite the small numbers and heavy casualties. [10] Louis XIV was alarmed by the surprise attack, fearing this would encourage new Huguenot rebellions at the borders and inside ...
OpEd: American Catholics and the Quest for Equality in the Civil War Era is an attempt to show how the Catholic majority came to identify with the South and embrace the Lost Cause.
Hungary entered the Thirty Years' War; with Royal (Habsburg) Hungary joining the catholic side, and Transylvania joining the Protestant side. There were a series of other successful and unsuccessful anti-Habsburg, i.e. anti-Austrian , (requiring equal rights and freedom for all Christian religions) uprisings between 1604 and 1711; the uprisings ...