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A 1799 portrait of Hessian hussars during the American Revolutionary War Hessian grenadiers. The use of foreign soldiers was common in 18th-century Europe. In the two centuries leading up to the American Revolutionary War, the continent saw frequent, though often small-scale, warfare, and military manpower was in high demand. [9]
Crytzer, Brady J. Hessians: Mercenaries, Rebels, and the War for British North America (Westholme Publishing, 2015). Doehla, Johann Conrad (1990). A Hessian Diary of the American Revolution. Translated, Edited, and with an Introduction by Bruce E. Burgoyne from the 1913 Bayreuth edition by W. Baron von Waldenfels.
The Hessian Mercenary State: Ideas, Institutions, and Reform Under Frederick II, 1760–1785. Cambridge University Press, 2003. Janice E. Thomson, Mercenaries, pirates, and sovereigns: state-building and extraterritorial violence in early modern Europe Princeton University Press, 1994.
About 2,000 Hessians attacked some 500 Americans at the fort, but the fight went disastrously for the Germans. Some 377 Hessians were killed or wounded in less than an hour of combat.
For the more general usage of 'Hessian' in this context, see Hessian (soldier) and Category:Personnel of German units of the American Revolutionary War. Pages in category "Hessian military personnel of the American Revolutionary War"
This force served as a source of mercenaries for other European states. [1] Frederick II, notably, hired out so many troops to his nephew King George III of Great Britain for use in the American War of Independence, that "Hessian" has become a common term among Americans and historians for all German soldiers deployed by the British in the War.
[36] [37] [38] The United States, in particular, remains influenced by revolutionary-era descriptions of Hessian auxiliaries as "foreign Mercenaries" and "barbarous strangers". [39] Recent scholarship suggests that Soldatenhandel was a necessary practice in early modern Europe for the small states providing military forces as well as for the ...
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