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The dividend yield or dividend–price ratio of a share is the dividend per share divided by the price per share. [1] It is also a company's total annual dividend payments divided by its market capitalization , assuming the number of shares is constant.
The yield gap or yield ratio is the ratio of the dividend yield of an equity and the yield of a long-term government bond. Typically equities have a higher yield (as a percentage of the market price of the equity) thus reflecting the higher risk of holding an equity. [1] [2]
The dividend payout ratio is calculated as DPS/EPS. According to Financial Accounting by Walter T. Harrison, the calculation for the payout ratio is as follows: Payout Ratio = (Dividends - Preferred Stock Dividends)/Net Income. The dividend yield is given by earnings yield times the dividend payout ratio:
The dividend payout ratio can be a helpful metric for comparing dividend stocks. This ratio represents the amount of net income that a company pays out to shareholders in the form of dividends.
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The term shareholder yield was coined by William W. Priest of Epoch Investment Partners in a paper in 2005 entitled The Case for Shareholder Yield as a Dominant Driver of Future Equity Returns as a way to look more holistically at how companies allocate and distribute cash rather than considering dividends in isolation. [2]
A valuation multiple [1] is simply an expression of market value of an asset relative to a key statistic that is assumed to relate to that value. To be useful, that statistic – whether earnings, cash flow or some other measure – must bear a logical relationship to the market value observed; to be seen, in fact, as the driver of that market value.
A reasonably accurate equation for the percent Total Return in a year of any security is the sum of the percent gain (or loss, a negative percent) over the year in the security value, plus the annual dividend yield expressed as a percent (100 × annual dividends divided by the security price at the beginning of the year).