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The choice of reactants is guided by a solubility chart or lattice energy. HSAB theory can also be used to predict the products of a metathesis reaction. Salt metathesis is often employed to obtain salts that are soluble in organic solvents. Illustrative is the conversion of sodium perrhenate to the tetrabutylammonium salt: [2]
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Substance Formula 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 100 °C Barium acetate: Ba(C 2 H 3 O 2) 2: 58.8: 62: 72: 75: 78.5: 77: 75
Although this is a reaction solely of the dissociated ions in solution, it is sometimes referred to as a double displacement reaction: [1] Pb(NO 3) 2 + 2 KI → 2 KNO 3 + PbI 2. At higher temperature, this substance easily re-dissolves by dissociation to its colorless ions. The actual change (net ionic equation) is thus:
The solubility of a specific solute in a specific solvent is generally expressed as the concentration of a saturated solution of the two. [1] Any of the several ways of expressing concentration of solutions can be used, such as the mass, volume, or amount in moles of the solute for a specific mass, volume, or mole amount of the solvent or of the solution.
1.03 101.0 11.8 [31] Xylene: 140.0 [32] See also. Freezing-point depression; ... Toggle the table of contents. List of boiling and freezing information of solvents.
Tutton's salts crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /a. [3] The robustness is the result of the complementary hydrogen-bonding between the tetrahedral anions and cations as well their interactions with the metal aquo complex [M(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ .
Complete solubility occurs when the solvent and solute have the same valency. [2] A metal is more likely to dissolve a metal of higher valency, than vice versa. [1] [3] [4] The solute and solvent should have similar electronegativity.