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The antibody or antigen is only detectable in the blood when there is substantially more of one than the other. Standard techniques require a high enough concentration of antibody or antigen to detect the amount of antibody or antigen; therefore, they cannot detect the small amount that is not bound during seroconversion. [10]
HBeAg is a hepatitis B viral protein, produced by the HBcAg reading frame. It is an indicator of active viral replication ; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person (i.e. the person is infectious).
Today, these antigen-proteins can be genetically manufactured (e.g. transgene E. coli) to produce material for a simple antigen test, which detects the presence of HBV. It is present in the sera of patients with viral hepatitis B (with or without clinical symptoms). Patients who developed antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBsAg seroconversion) are ...
If the host is able to clear the infection, eventually the HBsAg will become undetectable and will be followed by IgG antibodies to the hepatitis B surface antigen and core antigen (anti-HBs and anti HBc IgG). [39] The time between the removal of the HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBs is called the window period. A person negative for HBsAg ...
HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) was the first hepatitis B virus protein to be discovered. [15] It consists of small (S), medium (M) and large (L) protein. [16] HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen) is the main structural protein of HBV icosahedral nucleocapsid and it has function in replication of the virus. [17]
Viral hepatitis is primarily diagnosed through blood tests for levels of viral antigens (such as the hepatitis B surface or core antigen), anti-viral antibodies (such as the anti-hepatitis B surface antibody or anti-hepatitis A antibody), or viral DNA/RNA. [17] [33] In early infection (i.e. within 1 week), IgM antibodies are found in the blood ...
HBcAg (core antigen) is a hepatitis B viral protein. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person (i.e. the person is infectious).
Hepatitis B vaccines are produced with recombinant DNA techniques and contain immunologic adjuvant. [13] They are available both by themselves and in combination with other vaccines. [13] The first hepatitis B vaccine was approved in the United States in 1981. [15] A recombinant version came to market in 1986. [13]