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Isomers may decay into other elements, though the rate of decay may differ between isomers. For example, 177m Lu can beta-decay to 177 Hf with a half-life of 160.4 d, or it can undergo isomeric transition to 177 Lu with a half-life of 160.4 d, which then beta-decays to 177 Hf with a half-life of 6.68 d. [23]
Internal conversion is favored whenever the energy available for a gamma transition is small, and it is also the primary mode of de-excitation for 0 + →0 + (i.e. E0) transitions. The 0 + →0 + transitions occur where an excited nucleus has zero-spin and positive parity , and decays to a ground state which also has zero-spin and positive ...
The Mössbauer isomeric shift is the shift seen in gamma-ray spectroscopy when one compares two different nuclear isomeric states in two different physical, chemical or biological environments, and is due to the combined effect of the recoil-free Mössbauer transition between the two nuclear isomeric states and the transition between two atomic ...
Metastable isomeric transition is the only nuclear decay mode that approaches pure gamma emission. 99m Tc's half-life of 6.0058 hours is considerably longer (by 14 orders of magnitude, at least) than most nuclear isomers, though not unique.
has sufficient energy to decay in three ways: isomeric transition to the ground state of 180 Ta, beta decay to 180 W, or electron capture to 180 Hf. However, no radioactivity from any of these theoretically possible decay modes has ever been observed.
The four most common modes of radioactive decay are: alpha decay, beta decay, inverse beta decay (considered as both positron emission and electron capture), and isomeric transition. Of these decay processes, only alpha decay (fission of a helium-4 nucleus) changes the atomic mass number ( A ) of the nucleus, and always decreases it by four.
Gamma decay as a separate phenomenon, with its own half-life (now termed isomeric transition), was found in natural radioactivity to be a result of the gamma decay of excited metastable nuclear isomers, which were in turn created from other types of decay. Although alpha, beta, and gamma radiations were most commonly found, other types of ...
isomeric transition Decay modes in parentheses are still not observed through experiment but are, by their energy, predicted to occur. Numbers in brackets indicate probability of that decay mode occurring in %, tr indicate <0.1%.