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Fluorine is a chemical element; it has symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen [ note 1 ] and exists at standard conditions as pale yellow diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely reactive as it reacts with all other elements except for the light inert gases .
Fluorine's chemistry is dominated by its strong tendency to gain an electron. It is the most electronegative element and elemental fluorine is a strong oxidant. The removal of an electron from a fluorine atom requires so much energy that no known reagents are known to oxidize fluorine to any positive oxidation state. [20]
The tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) is a known accumulator of fluorine compounds, released upon forming infusions such as the common beverage. The fluorine compounds decompose into products including fluoride ions. Fluoride is the most bioavailable form of fluorine, and as such, tea is potentially a vehicle for fluoride dosing. [29]
It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield hydrofluoric acid. It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the form of hydrofluoric acid, and is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Perfluoroalkanes are very stable because of the strength of the carbon–fluorine bond, one of the strongest in organic chemistry. [4] Its strength is a result of the electronegativity of fluorine imparting partial ionic character through partial charges on the carbon and fluorine atoms, which shorten and strengthen the bond (compared to carbon-hydrogen bonds) through favorable covalent ...
This is another reason for the high chemical stability of polyfluorinated compounds. Fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all elements: 3.98. [1] This causes the high dipole moment of C-F bond (1.41 D [1]). Fluorine has the lowest polarizability of all atoms: 0.56 10 −24 cm 3. [1]
Fluorene / ˈ f l ʊər iː n /, or 9H-fluorene is an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 4) 2 CH 2. It forms white crystals that exhibit a characteristic, aromatic odor similar to that of naphthalene. Despite its name, it does not contain the element fluorine, but rather it comes from the violet fluorescence it exhibits.
The energy stored in the bending strain of the fluoride ion is proportional to the fourth power of the displacement angle, unlike most other materials where it is proportional to the square of the displacement. A fluorine atom is bound to two scandium atoms, and as temperature increases the fluorine oscillates more perpendicularly to its bonds.