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The Caledonian Railway lines to Edinburgh started with the main line that reached Edinburgh in 1848 as part of its route connecting the city with Glasgow and Carlisle. The potential of the docks at Granton and Leith led to branch line extensions, and residential development encouraged branch lines in what became the suburbs of Edinburgh.
In 1923 the railways of Great Britain were "grouped" under the Railways Act 1921 and the Caledonian Railway was a constituent of the newly formed London Midland and Scottish Railway; its capitalisation at that time was £57 million (equivalent to £4.11 billion today), [4] and it had a single-track mileage of 2,827 miles (4,550 km).
A prospectus for the Caledonian Railway, capital £1,500,000, was issued on 12 April 1845. Six weeks were spent in committee in Parliament, and the efforts were crowned with success: An Act for making a Railway from Carlisle to Edinburgh and Glasgow and the North of Scotland, to be called The Caledonian Railway was passed on 31 July 1845. The ...
The Caledonian main line, 1848–1849. The Caledonian Railway main line in Scotland connected Glasgow and Edinburgh with Carlisle, via Carstairs and Beattock. It was opened in 1847 by the Caledonian Railway. The approach to Glasgow used railways already built, primarily for mineral traffic; these were later by-passed by a more direct route.
[citation needed] The line became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at the 1923 Grouping, then the Scottish Region of British Railways upon nationalisation in January 1948. None of the industries once served by the line still survive - the last of the collieries served by it (at Polkemmet) having closed down in 1986.
The line from Edinburgh reached Carstairs and opened on 1 April 1848. By 1855 traffic had increased substantially, and the Caledonian Railway spent around £15,000 (equivalent to £1,770,000 in 2023) [5] at Carstairs increasing capacity to allow incoming trains from Glasgow, Edinburgh and the north to be arranged for their journey south. [6]
The Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway (later reorganised to form the Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR), had reached Muirkirk in 1848; [12] [page needed] the town had become a huge centre of the iron industry, dominated by the Baird ironworks, and the Caledonian hoped one day to reach it by building on from Douglas.
The Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Junction Railway [a] (C&DJR) was a Scottish railway opened in 1850 between Bowling and Balloch via Dumbarton. The company had intended to build to Glasgow but it could not raise the money. Other railways later reached Dumbarton, and the C&DJR was taken over by the larger Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway in 1862.
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