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Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on prisoners by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps mainly between 1942 and 1945. There were 15,754 documented victims, of various nationalities and age groups, although the true number is believed to be more extensive.
Ernst-Robert Grawitz (8 June 1899 – 24 April 1945) was a German physician and an SS functionary (Reichsarzt, "Arzt" meaning "physician") during the Nazi era.Grawitz funded Nazi programs involving experimentation on inmates in Nazi concentration camps and was part of the group in charge of the murder of mentally ill and physically disabled people in the Action T4 programme.
SS doctors, in particular, were marked as war criminals due to the wide range of human medical experimentation which had been conducted during World War II as well as the role SS doctors had played in the gas chamber selections of the Holocaust. [18] Later charges were brought against SS intellectuals and SS physicians by the German state. [19]
Sigmund Rascher (12 February 1909 – 26 April 1945) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) doctor. He conducted deadly experiments on humans pertaining to high altitude, freezing and blood coagulation under the patronage of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, to whom his wife Karoline "Nini" Diehl had direct connections.
After the war, the German Medical Association blamed Nazi atrocities on a small group of 350 criminal doctors. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] During the Doctors' trial , the defense argued that there was no international law to distinguish between legal and illegal human experimentation, [ 4 ] which led to the creation of the Nuremberg Code (1947).
Block 10 was a barrack at the Auschwitz concentration camp where men and women were used as experimental subjects for Nazi doctors. The experiments in Block 10 tested bodily reactions to various substances, ranging from no effect to sterilization.
I.G. Farben was originally formed in 1925 from the merger of Bayer and five other German companies, and by the onset of World War II was central to Germany’s war production effort.
At that time, there was no formal code of ethics in medical research to which the judges could hold the accused Nazi doctors accountable. The "scientific experiments" exposed during the trials led to the Nuremberg Code, developed in 1949 as a ten-point code of human experimentation ethics. [5] During his trial, Schilling made a plea in English.