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After the 1908 Messina earthquake killed 125,000 people near Mount Etna in Italy, Jaggar declared that "something must be done" to support systematic, ongoing studies of volcanic and seismic activity. He traveled to Hawaii in 1909 at his own expense, and determined that Kilauea was to be the home of the first American volcano observatory. [4]
A volcano observatory is an institution that conducts research and monitoring of a volcano. Each observatory provides continuous and periodic monitoring of the seismicity , other geophysical changes, ground movements, volcanic gas chemistry, and hydrologic conditions and activity between and during eruptions .
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is an agency of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and one of five volcano observatories operating under the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. Based in Hilo, Hawaii , the observatory monitors six Hawaiian volcanoes: Kīlauea , Mauna Loa , Kamaʻehuakanaloa (formerly Lōʻihi), Hualālai , Mauna Kea ...
Image of Vesuvius Observatory and Mount Vesuvius(c. 19th Century) In 1841, around 200 years after the 1631 eruption, the Vesuvius Observatory was established. [11] This marked a huge milestone in the study of volcanology, as it was the first ever volcanological observatory.
A diagram of a destructive plate margin, where subduction fuels volcanic activity at the subduction zones of tectonic plate boundaries. In 1841, the first volcanological observatory, the Vesuvius Observatory, was founded in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. [1]
The volcano also erupted in June about a mile south of Kilauea caldera, marking the first eruption in that region of the volcano in about 50 years. The last one took place in December 1974 ...
The next era of Kīlauea's history began with the establishment of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 1912. The first permanent such installation in the United States, the observatory was the brainchild of Thomas Jaggar, head of geology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
A U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologist checks a webcam located on the rim of the caldera during a new eruption that began early at the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii. December ...