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Animation of Gaussian elimination. Red row eliminates the following rows, green rows change their order. In mathematics, Gaussian elimination, also known as row reduction, is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations. It consists of a sequence of row-wise operations performed on the corresponding matrix of coefficients.
Some of the algorithms Trachtenberg developed are ones for general multiplication, division and addition. Also, the Trachtenberg system includes some specialised methods for multiplying small numbers between 5 and 13. The section on addition demonstrates an effective method of checking calculations that can also be applied to multiplication.
Banachiewicz [4] was the first to consider elimination in terms of matrices and in this way formulated LU decomposition, as demonstrated by his graphic illustration. His calculations follow ordinary matrix ones, yet notation deviates in that he preferred to write one factor transposed, to be able to multiply them mechanically column by column ...
Fourier–Motzkin elimination, also known as the FME method, is a mathematical algorithm for eliminating variables from a system of linear inequalities. It can output real solutions. The algorithm is named after Joseph Fourier [ 1 ] who proposed the method in 1826 and Theodore Motzkin who re-discovered it in 1936.
Elimination theory culminated with the work of Leopold Kronecker, and finally Macaulay, who introduced multivariate resultants and U-resultants, providing complete elimination methods for systems of polynomial equations, which are described in the chapter on Elimination theory in the first editions (1930) of van der Waerden's Moderne Algebra.
Simplified forms of Gaussian elimination have been developed for these situations. [ 6 ] The textbook Numerical Mathematics by Alfio Quarteroni , Sacco and Saleri, lists a modified version of the algorithm which avoids some of the divisions (using instead multiplications), which is beneficial on some computer architectures.
Multiplication symbols are usually omitted, and implied when there is no space between two variables or terms, or when a coefficient is used. For example, 3 × x 2 {\displaystyle 3\times x^{2}} is written as 3 x 2 {\displaystyle 3x^{2}} , and 2 × x × y {\displaystyle 2\times x\times y} may be written 2 x y {\displaystyle 2xy} .
The reduced row echelon form of a matrix is unique and does not depend on the sequence of elementary row operations used to obtain it. The variant of Gaussian elimination that transforms a matrix to reduced row echelon form is sometimes called Gauss–Jordan elimination. A matrix is in column echelon form if its transpose is in row echelon form.