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Cephalopods are widely regarded as the most intelligent of the invertebrates and have well-developed senses and large brains (larger than those of gastropods). [13] The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of the invertebrates [14] [15] and their brain-to-body-mass ratio falls between that of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates.
Neocoleoidea (most living cephalopods) Coleoidea [ 1 ] [ 2 ] or Dibranchiata is one of the two subclasses of cephalopods containing all the various taxa popularly thought of as "soft-bodied" or "shell-less" (i.e. octopus , squid and cuttlefish ).
The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of all invertebrates. [62] [63] The giant nerve fibers of the cephalopod mantle have been widely used for many years as experimental material in neurophysiology; their large diameter (due to lack of myelination) makes them relatively easy to study compared with other animals. [64] Eye of ...
The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of all the invertebrates [4] and their brain-to-body-mass ratio falls between that of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates. [5] The brain is protected in a cartilaginous cranium. The possibility that non-human animals may be capable of perceiving pain has a long history.
Cephalopod include octopus, squid and cuttlefish. They are found in all oceans, and neurologically are the most advanced of the invertebrates. [59] About 800 living species of marine cephalopods have been identified, [60] and an estimated 11,000 extinct taxa have been described. [61] There are no fully freshwater cephalopods. [62]
Cephalopods have large, well-developed brains, [8] [9] [10] and their brain-to-body mass ratio is the largest among the invertebrates, falling between that of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates. [11] The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of all invertebrates.
The Acoela are basal bilaterians, part of the Xenacoelomorpha. They are small and simple animals with flat bodies. They have slightly more nerve cells at the head end than elsewhere, not forming a distinct and compact brain. This represents an early stage in cephalization. [4]
Teleosts including the brown trout and the scaly osman are found in mountain lakes in Kashmir at altitudes as high as 3,819 m (12,530 ft). [47] Teleosts are found at extreme depths in the oceans; the hadal snailfish has been seen at a depth of 7,700 m (25,300 ft), and a related (unnamed) species has been seen at 8,145 m (26,720 ft). [48] [49]