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A chart datum is the water level surface serving as origin of depths displayed on a nautical chart and for reporting and predicting tide heights. A chart datum is generally derived from some tidal phase, in which case it is also known as a tidal datum. [1] Common chart datums are lowest astronomical tide (LAT) [1] and mean lower low water (MLLW).
Candlepower (abbreviated as cp or CP) is a unit of measurement for luminous intensity. It expresses levels of light intensity relative to the light emitted by a candle of specific size and constituents. The historical candlepower is equal to 0.981 candelas. In modern usage, candlepower is sometimes used as a synonym for candla. [1]
Fernbridge, originally Eel River Bridge, [2] is a 1,320-foot-long (402.3 m) reinforced concrete arch bridge designed by American engineer John B. Leonard which opened on November 8, 1911 [3] [4] at the site of an earlier ferry crossing of the Eel River.
Caltrans performed a 2012 study for the entire SR-12 corridor, which concluded the cost of a replacement high-level bridge would be close to US$1,000,000,000 (equivalent to $1,327,100,000 in 2023). [8]
The reference water levels are used on inland waterways to define a range of water levels allowing the full use of the waterway for navigation. [1] Ship passage can be limited by the water levels that are too low, when the fairway might become too shallow for large ("target", "design") ships, or too high, when it might become impossible for the target ships to pass under the bridges. [1]
The enactment of the Collier–Burns Highway Act of 1947 after "a lengthy and bitter legislative battle" was a watershed moment in Caltrans history. [12] The act "placed California highway's program on a sound financial basis" by doubling vehicle registration fees and raising gasoline and diesel fuel taxes from 3
The 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) redefined the candela in 2018. [10] [11] The new definition, which took effect on 20 May 2019, is: The candela [...] is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, [a] K cd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W −1, which is equal to cd sr W −1 ...
In time, this resulted in major land subsidence by the 1970s with local areas having 0.30 to 8.5 m (1 to 28 ft) of subsidence. With the creation and use of the California Aqueduct along these regions, surface water being transported put a halt on significant compaction and a recovery in ground water levels now with less ground water pumping. [22]