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OsO 4 is a widely used staining agent used in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to provide contrast to the image. [22] This staining method may also be known in the literature as the OTO [23] [24] (osmium-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium) method, or osmium impregnation [25] technique or simply as osmium staining.
Osmium tetroxide is used in optical microscopy to stain lipids. It dissolves in fats, and is reduced by organic materials to elemental osmium, an easily visible black substance. Because it is a heavy metal that absorbs electrons, it is perhaps the most common stain used for morphology in biological electron microscopy.
Osmium(I) iodide is a metallic grey solid produced by the reaction of osmium tetroxide and hydroiodic acid heated in a water bath for 48 hours in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. It is an amorphous compound. [34] Osmium(II) iodide is a black solid [35] produced by the reaction of osmium tetroxide and hydroiodic acid at 250 °C in nitrogen: [34]
4] are used in the synthesis of osmium cluster compounds. [29] [30] Osmium tetroxide (OsO 4) The most common compound exhibiting the +8 oxidation state is osmium tetroxide (OsO 4). This toxic compound is formed when powdered osmium is exposed to air. It is a very volatile, water-soluble, pale yellow, crystalline solid with a strong smell.
Osmium tetroxide is often used as a secondary fixative when samples are prepared for electron microscopy. (It is not used for light microscopy as it penetrates thick sections of tissue very poorly.) Potassium dichromate, chromic acid, and potassium permanganate all find use in certain specific histological preparations.
Pages in category "Electron microscopy stains" The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. ... Osmium tetroxide; P. Phosphotungstic acid ...
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It is also typically necessary to stain the bilayer with a heavy metal compound such as osmium tetroxide or uranyl acetate because the low atomic weight constituents of lipids (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.) offer little contrast compared to water.