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Research suggests that noise pollution in the United States is the highest in low-income and racial minority neighborhoods, [5] and noise pollution associated with household electricity generators is an emerging environmental degradation in many developing nations. [6]
Noise-induced hearing loss is a permanent shift in pure-tone thresholds, resulting in sensorineural hearing loss. The severity of a threshold shift is dependent on duration and severity of noise exposure. Noise-induced threshold shifts are seen as a notch on an audiogram from 3000 to 6000 Hz, but most often at 4000 Hz. [16]
The International Quiet Ocean Experiment (IQOE) is a global scientific research program aimed at improving understanding of the distributions of sounds in the ocean, and studying the effects of underwater noise pollution on marine life. The program has worked on promoting research, observations, and modelling to advance understanding of ocean ...
Environmental noise is an accumulation of noise pollution that occurs outside. This noise can be caused by transport, industrial, and recreational activities. [1] Noise is frequently described as 'unwanted sound'. Within this context, environmental noise is generally present in some form in all areas of human, animal, or environmental activity.
An effective model for noise control is the source, path, and receiver model by Bolt and Ingard. [9] Hazardous noise can be controlled by reducing the noise output at its source, minimizing the noise as it travels along a path to the listener, and providing equipment to the listener or receiver to attenuate the noise.
With passage of the Noise Control Act of 1972, [5] demand for noise barrier design soared from a host of noise regulation spinoff. By the late 1970s, more than a dozen research groups in the U.S. were applying similar computer modeling technology and addressing at least 200 different locations for noise barriers each year.
Publications which emerged from the project include The Book of Noise (1968) [2] and The Tuning of the World (1977), [3] both by Schafer, as well as the Handbook for Acoustic Ecology (1978) [4] by Barry Truax. The project has thus far resulted in two major tours, in Canada and Europe, the results of which comprise the World Soundscape Library.
For example, noise can increase levels of stress hormones, impair cognition, reduce immune function, and induce DNA damage. [27] Although much of the research on anthropogenic noise has focused on behavioral and population-level responses to noise disturbance, these molecular and cellular systems may prove promising areas for future work.