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Cephalopods are widely regarded as the most intelligent of the invertebrates and have well-developed senses and large brains (larger than those of gastropods). [13] The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of the invertebrates [14] [15] and their brain-to-body-mass ratio falls between that of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates.
The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of all the invertebrates [4] and their brain-to-body-mass ratio falls between that of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates. [5] The brain is protected in a cartilaginous cranium. The possibility that non-human animals may be capable of perceiving pain has a long history.
A lobster is heavily cephalized, with eyes, antennae, multiple mouthparts, and the brain (inside the armoured exoskeleton), all concentrated at the animal's head end. Cephalization is an evolutionary trend in animals that, over many generations, the special sense organs and nerve ganglia become concentrated towards the front of the body where ...
Cephalopod include octopus, squid and cuttlefish. They are found in all oceans, and neurologically are the most advanced of the invertebrates. [59] About 800 living species of marine cephalopods have been identified, [60] and an estimated 11,000 extinct taxa have been described. [61] There are no fully freshwater cephalopods. [62]
Teleosts including the brown trout and the scaly osman are found in mountain lakes in Kashmir at altitudes as high as 3,819 m (12,530 ft). [47] Teleosts are found at extreme depths in the oceans; the hadal snailfish has been seen at a depth of 7,700 m (25,300 ft), and a related (unnamed) species has been seen at 8,145 m (26,720 ft). [48] [49]
The human brain is the central organ of the nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The brain controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sensory nervous system ...
The ways in which the human brain differs from other brains are covered in the human brain article. Several topics that might be covered here are instead covered there because much more can be said about them in a human context. The most important that are covered in the human brain article are brain disease and the effects of brain damage.
Neocoleoidea (most living cephalopods) Coleoidea [ 1 ] [ 2 ] or Dibranchiata is one of the two subclasses of cephalopods containing all the various taxa popularly thought of as "soft-bodied" or "shell-less" (i.e. octopus , squid and cuttlefish ).