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The Golgi apparatus (/ ˈ ɡ ɒ l dʒ i /), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. [1] Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm , it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.
The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of stacked cisternae (flattened membrane sacs). Interactions between the Golgi and microtubules are thought to be important for the reorganization of the Golgi after it fragments during mitosis. [ 6 ]
The Golgi apparatus (also known as the Golgi body and the Golgi complex) is composed of separate sacs called cisternae. Its shape is similar to a stack of pancakes. The number of these stacks varies with the specific function of the cell. The Golgi apparatus is used by the cell for further protein modification.
The conserved oligomeric Golgi complex (COG) is a multiprotein complex found in the Golgi apparatus structure and involved in intracellular transport and glycoprotein modification. [ 1 ] Earlier names for this complex were: the Golgi transport complex (GTC), the LDLC complex, which is involved in glycosylation reactions, and the SEC34 complex ...
The number of cisternae in the Golgi stack is dependent on the organism and cell type. [3] The structure, composition, and function of each of the cisternae may be different inside the Golgi stack. These different variations of Golgi cisternae are categorized into three groups; cis Golgi network, medial, and trans Golgi network. [2]
Golgi apparatus: The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. Lysosomes and peroxisomes: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases). They digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Golgi cell circuit functions also seem to be regulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors. Golgi cells possess mGluR2 receptors, [ 12 ] and when these receptors are activated, an inward rectifier K current is enhanced, aiding in the Golgi cell's silencing after a period of intensive granule cell-Golgi cell transmission. [ 13 ]
The Golgi body is also near the rough ER for packaging and redistributing. Likewise, intracellular compartmentalization allows specific sites of related eukaryotic cell functions isolated from other processes and therefore efficient.