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Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase : [2]
This contrasts with the definition of molarity which is based on a given volume of solution. A commonly used unit for molality is the moles per kilogram (mol/kg). A solution of concentration 1 mol/kg is also sometimes denoted as 1 molal. The unit mol/kg requires that molar mass be expressed in kg/mol, instead of the usual g/mol or kg/kmol.
Normality is defined as the molar concentration divided by an equivalence factor . Since the definition of the equivalence factor depends on context (which reaction is being studied), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and National Institute of Standards and Technology discourage the use of normality.
The concentration of a solution is commonly expressed by its molar concentration, defined as the amount of dissolved substance per unit volume of solution, for which the unit typically used is mole per litre (mol/L).
Normality is defined as the number of gram or mole equivalents of solute present in one liter of solution.The SI unit of normality is equivalents per liter (Eq/L). = where N is normality, m sol is the mass of solute in grams, EW sol is the equivalent weight of solute, and V soln is the volume of the entire solution in liters.
The molar ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in that solution. [3]= = where one half is because we are including both cations and anions, c i is the molar concentration of ion i (M, mol/L), z i is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution.
This page lists examples of the orders of magnitude of molar concentration. Source values are parenthesized where unit conversions were performed. M denotes the non-SI unit molar: 1 M = 1 mol/L = 10 −3 mol/m 3.
By dividing this relation to the molar amount of one component a relation between the apparent molar property of a component and the mixing ratio of components can be obtained. This equation serves as the definition of ~ . The first term is equal to the volume of the same quantity of solvent with no solute, and the second term is the ...