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An example of a non-transitive relation with a less meaningful transitive closure is "x is the day of the week after y". The transitive closure of this relation is "some day x comes after a day y on the calendar", which is trivially true for all days of the week x and y (and thus equivalent to the Cartesian square , which is " x and y are both ...
In mathematics, a binary relation R on a set X is transitive if, for all elements a, b, c in X, whenever R relates a to b and b to c, then R also relates a to c. Every partial order and every equivalence relation is transitive. For example, less than and equality among real numbers are both transitive: If a < b and b < c then a < c; and if x ...
The following is a selection from the large body of literature on absolutely/completely monotonic functions/sequences. René L. Schilling, Renming Song and Zoran Vondraček (2010). Bernstein Functions Theory and Applications. De Gruyter. pp. 1– 10. ISBN 978-3-11-021530-4. (Chapter 1 Laplace transforms and completely monotone functions)
In matroid theory, the closure of X is the largest superset of X that has the same rank as X. The transitive closure of a set. [1] The algebraic closure of a field. [2] The integral closure of an integral domain in a field that contains it. The radical of an ideal in a commutative ring.
The relation is defined as the transitive closure of . That is, u ≍ v {\displaystyle u\asymp v} when there is a sequence u ≈ ⋯ ≈ v {\displaystyle u\approx \cdots \approx v} of vertices, starting with u {\displaystyle u} and ending with v {\displaystyle v} , such that each consecutive pair in the sequence is related by ≈ {\displaystyle ...
However, the transitive closure of a restriction is a subset of the restriction of the transitive closure, i.e., in general not equal. For example, restricting the relation " x {\displaystyle x} is parent of y {\displaystyle y} " to females yields the relation " x {\displaystyle x} is mother of the woman y {\displaystyle y} "; its transitive ...
Various inequivalent definitions of Kleene algebras and related structures have been given in the literature. [5] Here we will give the definition that seems to be the most common nowadays. A Kleene algebra is a set A together with two binary operations + : A × A → A and · : A × A → A and one function * : A → A , written as a + b , ab ...
The Floyd–Warshall algorithm is an example of dynamic programming, and was published in its currently recognized form by Robert Floyd in 1962. [3] However, it is essentially the same as algorithms previously published by Bernard Roy in 1959 [4] and also by Stephen Warshall in 1962 [5] for finding the transitive closure of a graph, [6] and is closely related to Kleene's algorithm (published ...