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Left atrial enlargement can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the extent of the underlying condition. Although other factors may contribute, left atrium size has been found to be a predictor of mortality due to both cardiovascular issues as well as all-cause mortality.
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Atrial enlargement refers to a condition where the left atrium or right atrium of the heart is larger than would be expected. It can also affect both atria. [1] Types include: Left atrial enlargement; Right atrial enlargement
The left atrial appendage can serve as an approach for mitral valve surgery. [16] The body of the left atrial appendage is anterior to the left atrium and parallel to the left pulmonary veins. The left pulmonary artery passes posterosuperiorly and is separated from the atrial appendage by the transverse sinus. [17]
It can also indicate right atrial enlargement. [4] A P wave with decreased amplitude can indicate hyperkalemia. [5] P-wave changes in left and right atrial hypertrophy. Bifid P waves (known as P mitrale) indicate left-atrial abnormality - e.g. dilatation [6] or hypertrophy. [1]
In individuals with severe mitral stenosis, the left ventricular filling is dependent on the atrial kick. The loss of the atrial kick due to atrial fibrillation (i.e., blood cannot flow into the left ventricle thus accumulating in the left atrium ) can cause a precipitous decrease in cardiac output and sudden congestive heart failure.
Left atrial enlargement; Left ventricular hypertrophy; P. Pulmonary heart disease; R. Right atrial enlargement; Right ventricular hypertrophy; V. Ventricular hypertrophy
The left atrial volume is commonly measured by echocardiography or magnetic resonance tomography.It is calculated from biplane recordings with the equation: = where A4c and A2c denote LA areas in 4- and 2-chamber views respectively, and L corresponds to the shortest long-axis length measured in either views.
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