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Yttrium is a chemical element; it has symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a "rare-earth element". [8] Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free ...
Organic acid salts of yttrium include yttrium formate, yttrium acetate, yttrium propionate, yttrium butyrate. They are all made by dissolving the carbonate or oxide in the corresponding acid. Aromatic polycarboxylates like phthalic acid or trimellitic acid have a rigid shape, and can coordinate more than one yttrium atom to form a metal-organic ...
Yttrium metal, albeit impure, was first prepared in 1828 when Friedrich Wöhler heated anhydrous yttrium(III) chloride with potassium to form metallic yttrium and potassium chloride. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] In fact, Gadolin's yttria proved to be a mixture of many metal oxides, that started the history of the discovery of the rare earths.
The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or rare earths, and sometimes the lanthanides or lanthanoids (although scandium and yttrium, which do not belong to this series, are usually included as rare earths), [1] are a set of 17 nearly indistinguishable lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals.
Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) is a family of crystalline chemical compounds that display high-temperature superconductivity; it includes the first material ever discovered to become superconducting above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen [77 K (−196.2 °C; −321.1 °F)] at about 93 K (−180.2 °C; −292.3 °F).
Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG, Y 3 Al 5 O 12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group. It is a cubic yttrium aluminium oxide phase, with other examples being YAlO 3 (YAP [ 2 ] ) in a hexagonal or an orthorhombic, perovskite -like form, and the monoclinic Y 4 Al 2 O 9 (YAM [ 3 ] ).
As the half lives of the unstable Yttrium isotopes are low (88 Y being the longest at 106 days), yttrium extracted from strontium-free moderately aged spent fuel has negligible radioactivity. However, the strong gamma emitter 90 Y will be present as long as its parent nuclide 90 Sr is. Should a nonradioactive sample of Yttrium be desired, care ...
Yttrium(III) nitrate is mainly used as a source of Y 3+ cations. It is a precursor of some yttrium-containing materials, such as Y 4 Al 2 O 9, [3] YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.5+x [2] and yttrium-based metal-organic frameworks. [5] It can also be used as a catalyst in organic synthesis. [6]