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COBie has been incorporated into software for planning, design, construction, commissioning, operations, maintenance, and asset management. COBie may take several approved formats include spreadsheet, STEP-Part 21 (also called IFC file format), and ifcXML. The current COBie test data of record was developed by an international team of designers ...
This file is a work of an employee of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, taken or made as part of that person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government , it is in the public domain .
In the United States construction industry, contract agreements are usually written to allow the owner to withhold (retain) the final payment to the general contractor as "retainage". [3] The contractor is bound by the contract to complete a list of contract items, called a punch list, in order to receive final payment from the owner.
The Boston Harbor reclamation project that began in the 1980s became the focus of debate over the legality of PLAs. [12] [13] When the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority elected to use a PLA for the project that mandated union-only labor, [14] the Associated Builders and Contractors of Massachusetts/Rhode Island, Inc. challenged its legality, asserting that the use of a PLA was prohibited ...
The construction industry has suffered from a productivity decline since the 1960s [4] [5] while all other non-farm industries have seen large boosts in productivity. . Proponents of Integrated project delivery argue that problems in contemporary construction, such as buildings that are behind schedule and over budget, are due to adverse relations between the owner, general contractor, and
The typical application also requires the applicant to provide information regarding relevant skills, education, and experience (previous employment or volunteer work). The application itself is a minor test of the applicant's literacy, penmanship, and communication skills. A careless job applicant might disqualify themselves with a poorly ...
Tennessee Valley Authority civil engineers monitoring hydraulics of a scale model of Tellico Dam. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings ...
IFC-ZIP is a ZIP compressed format consisting of an embedded IFC-SPF file or IFC-XML file and having file extension ".ifcZIP". IFC-Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language) is a textual semantic data format that uses RDF and is expressed in the ifcOWL ontology. IFC-RDF is a XML-based semantic data format that uses RDF and is expressed in the ifcOWL ...