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Blastocystis hominis is a single-celled eukaryotic organism that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and various animals. [1] This stramenopile exhibits significant genetic diversity and has become an organism of increasing scientific interest due to its widespread distribution and controversial role in human health. [ 2 ]
Blastocystis is a genus of single-celled parasites belonging to the Stramenopiles that includes algae, diatoms, and water molds.There are several species, living in the gastrointestinal tracts of species as diverse as humans, farm animals, birds, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and cockroaches. [2]
Blastocystis cysts have been shown to be resistant to chlorination as a treatment method [42] and are among the most resistant cysts to ozone treatment. [ 43 ] Contaminated Food : Contamination of leafy vegetables has been implicated as a potential source for transmission of Blastocystis infection, as well as other gastrointestinal protozoa. [ 44 ]
Blastocystis spp. intestinal direct microscopy of stool (PCR, antibody) • worldwide: one of the most common human parasites [1] [2] • Developing regions: infects 40–100% of the total populations [1] [2] [3] eating food contaminated with feces from an infected human or animal Cryptosporidiosis: Cryptosporidium spp. intestines stool widespread
Broad-spectrum antiparasitics, analogous to broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacteria, are antiparasitic drugs with efficacy in treating a wide range of parasitic infections caused by parasites from different classes.
Entamoeba coli is a non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba that frequently exists as a commensal parasite in the human gastrointestinal tract. E. coli (not to be confused with the bacterium Escherichia coli) is important in medicine because it can be confused during microscopic examination of stained stool specimens with the pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. [1]
It has only one species, Gastrodiscoides hominis. It is a parasite of a variety of vertebrates , including humans . The first definitive specimen was described from a human subject in 1876. [ 1 ]
The parasite infects an amphibic snail [3] (Segmentina nitidella, Segmentina hemisphaerula, Hippeutis schmackerie, Gyraulus, Lymnaea, Pila, Planorbis (Indoplanorbis)) after being released by infected mammalian feces; metacercaria released from this intermediate host encyst on aquatic plants like water spinach, which are eaten raw by pigs and humans.