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Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal. [4]
Familial atrial fibrillation is an autosomal dominant heart condition that causes disruptions in the heart's normal rhythm. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This condition is characterized by uncoordinated electrical activity in the heart's upper chambers (the atria ), which causes the heartbeat to become fast and irregular.
The CHADS 2 score and its updated version, the CHA 2 DS 2-VASc score, are clinical prediction rules for estimating the risk of stroke in people with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF), a common and serious heart arrhythmia associated with thromboembolic stroke.
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke. [3] [12] It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia. [14] Atrial fibrillation frequently results from bursts of tachycardia that originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. [15]
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes G40-G47 within Chapter VI: Diseases of the nervous system should be included in this category. Subcategories This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.
The worsened heart function then persists at a stable state until the heart rate is returned to normal. [1] With normal heart rates, these animals begin to demonstrate improving heart function at 1–2 days, and even complete recovery of ejection fraction at 1 month. [1]
Re-entry ventricular arrhythmia is a type of paroxysmal tachycardia occurring in the ventricle where the cause of the arrhythmia is due to the electric signal not completing the normal circuit, but rather an alternative circuit looping back upon itself. [1] There develops a self-perpetuating rapid and abnormal activation.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.