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Most paragangliomas are asymptomatic, present as a painless mass, or create symptoms such as hypertension, tachycardia, headache, and palpitations. [3] While all contain neurosecretory granules, only in 1–3% of cases is secretion of hormones such as catecholamines abundant enough to be clinically significant; in that case manifestations often resemble those of pheochromocytomas (intra ...
GP consist of three components (1) ganglion cells, (2) epithelioid cells (neuroendocrine-like), and (3) spindle cells (schwannoma-like). The microscopic differential diagnosis includes poorly differentiated carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour and paraganglioma. [1] GPs may be sporadic or arise in the context neurofibromatosis type 1.
A paraganglion (pl. paraganglia) is a group of non-neuronal cells derived of the neural crest. They are named for being generally in close proximity to sympathetic ganglia. They are essentially of two types: (1) chromaffin or sympathetic paraganglia made of chromaffin cells and (2) nonchromaffin or parasympathetic paraganglia made of glomus cells.
Metastatic pheochromocytoma is defined as the presence of tumor cells (chromaffin tissue) where they are not normally found. [133] Patients with a paraganglioma are more likely to develop metastases than those with a pheochromocytoma. [134] The most common extra-adrenal sites of metastases are the lymph nodes, lung, liver, and bone. [135]
Ganglioneuroma (occasionally called a "ganglioma") is a rare and benign tumor of the autonomic nerve fibers arising from neural crest sympathogonia (undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system). [1] However, ganglioneuromas themselves are fully differentiated neuronal tumors that do not contain immature elements. [2]
Acne symptoms and signs. Acne blemishes are most common on the face, chest, back, shoulders and neck, but they can appear almost anywhere. With acne, you might have pimples, blackheads, papules ...
The most common therapies for secondary polycythemia are phlebotomies [9] and, for paraganglioma and/or somatostatinoma in this cohort of patients, surgery accompanied by antihypertensive medication. [1] HIF-2α inhibitor belzutifan led to substantial improvement of symptoms in a patient with Pacak–Zhuang syndrome. [10]
Carney triad (CT), named for J Aidan Carney, is considered to be a specific type of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). The three classically associated tumors are a subset of gastric epithelioid leiomyosarcoma (it is now known that this subset is actually gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising from the interstitial cells of Cajal), pulmonary chondroma, and extra-adrenal paraganglioma.