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In genetics, a locus (pl.: loci) is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. [1] Each chromosome carries many genes, with each gene occupying a different position or locus; in humans, the total number of protein-coding genes in a complete haploid set of 23 chromosomes is estimated at ...
An allele [1] (or allelomorph) is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or locus, on a DNA molecule. [2]Alleles can differ at a single position through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), [3] but they can also have insertions and deletions of up to several thousand base pairs.
A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a region of DNA which is associated with a particular phenotypic trait, which varies in degree and which can be attributed to polygenic effects, i.e., the product of two or more genes, and their environment. [2] These QTLs are often found on different chromosomes.
The MHC locus (6p21.3) has 3 other paralogous loci in the human genome, namely 19pl3.1, 9q33–q34, and 1q21–q25. It is believed that the loci arouse from the two-round duplications in vertebrates of a single ProtoMHC locus, and the new domain organizations of the MHC genes were a result of later cis-duplication and exon shuffling in a ...
A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.It can be described as a variation (which may arise due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci) that can be observed.
Locus (mathematics), the set of points satisfying a particular condition, often forming a curve; Root locus analysis, a diagram visualizing the position of roots as a parameter changes; Locus (archaeology), the smallest definable unit in stratigraphy; Locus (genetics), the position of a gene or other significant sequence on a chromosome
An expression quantitative trait is an amount of an mRNA transcript or a protein.These are usually the product of a single gene with a specific chromosomal location. This distinguishes expression quantitative traits from most complex traits, which are not the product of the expression of a single gene.
The role and degree of locus heterogeneity is an important consideration in understanding disease phenotypes and in the development of therapeutic treatment for these diseases. [1] The detection of causal genes for diseases impacted by locus heterogeneity is difficult with genetic analysis methods such as linkage analysis and genome sequencing. [9]