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Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) [3] is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer and is part of the PCI Local Bus standard. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any given processor's native bus.
PCI Express devices communicate via a logical connection called an interconnect [10] or link. A link is a point-to-point communication channel between two PCI Express ports allowing both of them to send and receive ordinary PCI requests (configuration, I/O or memory read/write) and interrupts ( INTx , MSI or MSI-X ).
CPU cards include Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) cards, modular PC Cards, Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) cards, PCI extensions for instrumentation cards and embedded technology extended (ETX) cards. CPU cards are often used to expand the memory, speed, bandwidth or embedded applications of an existing computer system.
PCI-X, short for Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended, is a computer bus and expansion card standard that enhances the 32-bit PCI local bus for higher bandwidth demanded mostly by servers and workstations. It uses a modified protocol to support higher clock speeds (up to 133 MHz), but is otherwise similar in electrical implementation.
This phenomenon, known as an "interconnect bottleneck", is becoming a major problem in high-performance computer systems. [2] This interconnect bottleneck can be solved by utilizing optical interconnects to replace the long metallic interconnects. [3] Such hybrid optical/electronic interconnects promise better performance even with larger designs.
PCI-SIG, or Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group, is an electronics industry consortium responsible for specifying the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), PCI-X, and PCI Express (PCIe) computer buses. It is based in Beaverton, Oregon. [1]
Active-state power management (ASPM) is a power management mechanism for PCI Express devices to garner power savings while otherwise in a fully active state. Predominantly, this is achieved through active-state link power management; i.e., the PCI Express serial link is powered down when there is no traffic across it.
Peripheral Component Interconnect, a computer bus PCI-X (PCI eXtended), a computer bus; PCI Express (PCIe), a computer bus; Projects of Common Interest, a category of EU projects for interconnecting energy infrastructures; Protocol-control information, in telecommunication; Pulverized coal injection method, in blast furnaces