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The structure principle: Design should organize the user interface purposefully, in meaningful and useful ways based on clear, consistent models that are apparent and recognizable to users, putting related things together and separating unrelated things, differentiating dissimilar things and making similar things resemble one another. The ...
User interface design has been a topic of considerable research, including on its aesthetics. [11] Standards have been developed as far back as the 1980s for defining the usability of software products. One of the structural bases has become the IFIP user interface reference model. The model proposes four dimensions to structure the user interface:
The Reactable musical instrument, an example of a tangible user interface. The user interface or human–machine interface is the part of the machine that handles the human–machine interaction. Membrane switches, rubber keypads and touchscreens are examples of the physical part of the Human Machine Interface which we can see and touch.
A graphical user interface, or GUI [a], is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation. In many applications, GUIs are used instead of text-based UIs , which are based on typed command labels or text navigation.
A browser window allows the user to view and navigate through a collection of items, such as files or web pages. Web browsers are an example of these types of windows. Text terminal windows present a character-based, command-driven text user interfaces within the overall graphical interface. MS-DOS and Unix consoles are examples of these types ...
The subsequent design phase refines the analysis model and makes the needed technology and other implementation choices. In object-oriented design the emphasis is on describing the various objects, their data, behavior, and interactions. The design model should have all the details required so that programmers can implement the design in code. [4]
Leveraging the concept of mapping helps bridge the gulf of evaluation and the gulf of execution, which refer to the gap between the user's understanding of the system and the actual state of the system and the gap between the user's goal and how to achieve that goal with the interface, respectively. [2]
The CUA guidelines stated that 'In an object-oriented user interface, the objects that a user works with do not necessarily correspond to the objects or modules of code, that a programmer used to create the product.' [7] The basic design methods described in CUA were refined further into the OVID [9] method which used UML to model the interface.