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Absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate, showing a vibronic fine structure in the LMCT band. The tetraoxides of d 0 metal centers are often deeply colored for the first row metals. This coloration is assigned to LMCT, involving transfer of nonbonding electrons on the oxo ligands to empty d-levels on the metal.
A well-known example is the complex formed by iodine when combined with starch, which exhibits an intense purple charge-transfer band. This has widespread use as a rough screen for counterfeit currency. Unlike most paper, the paper used in US currency is not sized with starch. Thus, formation of this purple color on application of an iodine ...
For example, the d-d transitions for [Cr(NH 3) 5 Cl] 2+ are weak (ε < 100) even though the complex is only of C 4v symmetry. [5] The Laporte rule helps explain the intense colors often observed for the tetrahedral complexes. The tetrahedral point group lacks the inversion operation, so the Laporte rule does not apply. [6]
In coordination chemistry, a bridging ligand is a ligand that connects two or more atoms, usually metal ions. [1] The ligand may be atomic or polyatomic. Virtually all complex organic compounds can serve as bridging ligands, so the term is usually restricted to small ligands such as pseudohalides or to ligands that are specifically designed to ...
For example, the absorption spectrum for ethane shows a σ → σ* transition at 135 nm and that of water a n → σ* transition at 167 nm with an extinction coefficient of 7,000. Benzene has three aromatic π → π* transitions; two E-bands at 180 and 200 nm and one B-band at 255 nm with extinction coefficients respectively 60,000, 8,000 and 215.
Second law [ edit ] Faraday discovered that when the same amount of electric current is passed through different electrolytes connected in series, the masses of the substances deposited or liberated at the electrodes are directly proportional to their respective chemical equivalent/ equivalent weight ( E ). [ 3 ]
B reflects the energy of binary interactions between solvent molecules and segments of polymer chain. When B > 0, the solvent is "good," and when B < 0, the solvent is "poor". For a theta solvent, the second virial coefficient is zero because the excess chemical potential is zero; otherwise it would fall outside the definition of a theta solvent.
Magnus's green salt is an example of a linear chain compound. In chemistry and materials science, linear chain compounds are materials composed of one-dimensional arrays of metal-metal bonded molecules or ions. Such materials exhibit anisotropic electrical conductivity. [1] [2]
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