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In 2005, PDF/A became a de jure standard as ISO 19005-1:2005. [4] In 2008 Adobe's PDF 1.7 became ISO 32000-1:2008. [5] [6] AutoCAD DXF, an ASCII format for import and export of CAD drawings and fragments in the 1980s and 1990s. In the 2000s, XML based standards emerged as de facto standards. The MP3 audio format started as an alternative to WAV ...
De facto recognition of states, rather than de jure, is rare. De jure recognition is stronger, while de facto recognition is more tentative and recognizes only that a government exercises control over a territory. An example of the difference is when the United Kingdom recognized the Soviet state de facto in 1921, but de jure only in 1924.
The de facto boundaries of a country are defined by the area that its government is actually able to enforce its laws in, and to defend against encroachments by other countries that may also claim the same territory de jure. The Durand Line is an example of a de facto boundary.
In law and government, de jure (/ d eɪ ˈ dʒ ʊər i, d i-,-ˈ jʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. ' by law ' ) describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.
The state was transformed de facto into the Hatay Province of Turkey on 7 July 1939, de jure joining the country on 23 July 1939 Wang Jingwei regime: 1940–1945 Now part of China: Puppet government of the Empire of Japan dissolved at the end of World War II. Recognized by the Empire of Japan and its allies. Second Philippine Republic: 1943–1945
De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel are both terms that are used by courts in most common law jurisdictions to describe circumstances in which a business organization that has failed to become a de jure corporation (a corporation by law) will nonetheless be treated as a corporation, thereby shielding shareholders from liability. [1]
Engineers from Britain and the United States have struck a mutual recognition agreement of industry qualifications and licences which is set to make it easier for professionals to work on either ...
The efforts led in 2005 to a convention with a narrower scope: the Hague Choice of Court convention focusing on recognition on judgments where jurisdiction had been assumed based on a choice of court agreement between the parties. After conclusion of the convention new rounds of negotiations led to the conclusion of this convention.