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Glycerophospholipids are derived from glycerol-3-phosphate in a de novo pathway. [3] The term glycerophospholipid signifies any derivative of glycerophosphoric acid that contains at least one O-acyl, or O-alkyl, or O-alk-1'-enyl residue attached to the glycerol moiety. [4] The phosphate group forms an ester linkage to the glycerol.
Phospholipid arrangement in cell membranes. Phosphatidylcholine is the major component of lecithin.It is also a source for choline in the synthesis of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons.
Phosphatidylglycerol is a glycerophospholipid found in pulmonary surfactant [1] and in the plasma membrane where it directly activates lipid-gated ion channels. The general structure of phosphatidylglycerol consists of a L-glycerol 3-phosphate backbone ester-bonded to either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on carbons 1 and 2.
[78] [79] Cardiolipins are a subclass of glycerophospholipids containing four acyl chains and three glycerol groups that are particularly abundant in the inner mitochondrial membrane. [ 80 ] [ 81 ] They are believed to activate enzymes involved with oxidative phosphorylation . [ 82 ]
Even more striking is the fact that 32% of the glycerophospholipids in the adult human heart and 20% in brain and up to 70% of myelin sheath ethanolamine glycerophospholipids are plasmalogens. [ 11 ] Although the functions of plasmalogens have not yet been fully elucidated, it has been demonstrated that they can protect mammalian cells against ...
Differences between the catabolism of ether glycerophospholipids by specific phospholipases enzymes might be involved in the generation of lipid second messenger systems such as prostaglandins and arachidonic acid that are important in signal transduction. [10]
Two new studies suggest once again the importance of getting a good night's sleep for good health over a lifetime, as scientists pursue new understandings of restorative deep sleep.
Phosphatidic acids are anionic phospholipids important to cell signaling and direct activation of lipid-gated ion channels.Hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid gives rise to one molecule each of glycerol and phosphoric acid and two molecules of fatty acids.