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Ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (oSCC) or squamous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is a rare tumor that accounts for 1% of ovarian cancers. [1] Included in the World Health Organization's classification of ovarian cancer, [2] it mainly affects women above 45 years of age.
Once it is determined that ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer is present, treatment is scheduled by a gynecologic oncologist (a physician trained to treat cancers of a woman's reproductive system). Gynecologic oncologists can perform surgery on and give chemotherapy to women with ovarian cancer. A treatment plan is developed. [94]
Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is a surgical procedure that aims to reduce the amount of cancer cells in the abdominal cavity for patients with tumors that have spread intraabdominally (peritoneal carcinomatosis). It is often used to treat ovarian cancer but can also be used for other abdominal malignancies.
Treatment of cystocele often accompanies the more invasive hysterectomy. [32] Since the failure rate in cystocele repair remains high, additional surgery may be needed. [13] Women who have surgery to repair a cystocele have a 17% of needing another operation within the next ten years. [33]
Most bilateral oophorectomies (63%) are performed without any medical indication, and most (87%) are performed together with a hysterectomy. [10] Conversely, unilateral oophorectomy is commonly performed for a medical indication (73%; cyst, endometriosis, benign tumor, inflammation, etc.) and less commonly in conjunction with hysterectomy (61%).
Ovarian tumors, or ovarian neoplasms, are tumors in the ovary. [1] Not all are ovarian cancer. [1] They consist of mainly solid tissue, while ovarian cysts contain fluid. [2]In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) divided ovarian tumours as 90% epithelial, 3% germ cell, and 2% sex cord-stromal types.
Ovarian drilling is a surgical alternative to CC treatment or recommended for women with WHO Group II ovulation disorders. [6] Other non-surgical medical options in the treatment of PCOS include the oestrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen , aromatase inhibitors , insulin sensitising drugs, and hormonal ovarian stimulation. [ 9 ]
Ovarian tissue autotransplantation may pose a risk of cancer recurrence in patients with colorectal, gastric and endometrial cancer. [8] However, no metastases have been detected in ovarian tissue from lymphoma and breast cancer patients who have been undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreseration.